Heavy Metal Removal by Porous Asphalt in Cyclical Wetting and Drying

Abstract

Porous asphalt pavement (PAP) is subjected to wetting and drying cycles involving storms of varying intensity, and inter-event drying periods to study the impact of continuous weather systems on heavy metal removal in runoff. Four physical models: a complete PAP system, a PAP surface, a geotextile fabric, and a reservoir of cobblestone aggregate, were created at the lab-scale and tested with stormwater contaminated with Mn(Ⅱ), Zn(Ⅱ), Cu(Ⅱ), and Cr(Ⅵ). The models were exposed to repeated wetting and drying cycles spanning over 27 days. Wetting involved light, moderate and heavy rainfall intensities. A separate leaching test was conducted to study the release phenomenon of Mn(Ⅱ) from the reservoir model. All pavement material designs performed well at removing Cu(Ⅱ) and Cr(Ⅵ). The PAP system had an overall better performance at removing Mn(Ⅱ), Zn(Ⅱ), Cu(Ⅱ), and Cr(Ⅵ) than any of the individual pavement materials, but was unable to remove all of the heavy metals simultaneously to sufficiently high levels. The materials used in the filter layer and reservoir structure should be assessed for potential contamination (and thereby leaching) of Zn(Ⅱ) and Mn(Ⅱ), respectively, prior to construction. Wetting and drying cycles showed the largest affect on the reservoir structure versus any of the other layers. Leaching of Mn(II) observed from cobblestone aggregate was affected by the solution composition and pH. Removal of selected heavy metals was rapid in first flush and fluctuated with storm event intensity.

Keywords: Heavy Metals, porous asphalt pavement, continuous simulated rainfall, inter-event dry period, pollution removal, pavement layer materials