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Evaluating the Bidirectional Causal Relationship between ADHD and Multiple Diseases: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Mendelian Randomization Analyses
31 Pages Posted: 22 Dec 2023
More...Abstract
Background: The causal relationship between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and multiple diseases remains uncertain. This study aimed to assess the bidirectional causal relationships between ADHD and other diseases.
Methods: Multiple Mendelian randomization (MR) studies investigating the bidirectional relationship between ADHD and various diseases, including those affecting the respiratory, nervous, mental, immunological, circulatory, endocrine systems, as well as neoplasms, were identified and included in the analysis. De novo MR analyses were subsequently conducted based on the selected studies using data from FinnGenR9 or the largest available consortium cohort. Lastly, a meta-analysis was performed to combine the results.
Findings: ADHD was found to be associated with an elevated risk of respiratory system diseases (including COVID-19), mental disorders (such as autism spectrum disorders, major depressive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, schizophrenia, and self-harm), and circulatory system diseases (including intracranial aneurysms). Conversely, various diseases, including different mental disorders, respiratory system diseases (COVID-19), and endocrine system diseases (such as childhood obesity and type 1 diabetes mellitus), were found to influence the risk of developing ADHD. Notably, Alzheimer's disease, coronary artery disease, and intracranial aneurysms were associated with a reduced risk of ADHD.
Interpretation: This study establishes the existence of universal bidirectional causal relationships between ADHD and multiple diseases.
Funding: National Natural Science Foundation of China; West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University.
Declaration of Interest: The authors declare no competing interests.
Keywords: ADHD, mental disease, single nucleotide polymorphism, mendelian randomization, molecular epidemiology
Suggested Citation: Suggested Citation