Investigations into the Antimicrobial Behavior and Cytotoxicity of Purified Detonation Diamond Nanoparticles and Their Assembled Micro‐/Nano‐Structured Films

Abstract

Carbon nanomaterials, such as diamond nanoparticles and the various forms of diamond, have been increasingly applied to commercial biomedical products. Antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity are significantly influenced by the type of carbon-based nanomaterials. To reveal the cellular behaviors of zero-dimensional (0D) diamond nanoparticles and their derivatives, the self-assembly technology was used to synthesize 2D micro‐/nano‐structured diamond film from single particles. The focused ion beam (FIB) lift-out method was conducted for Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) observation. This paper reported the antimicrobial performance of diamond nanoparticles and assembled diamond film against Bacillus sp. as elucidated by characterizing the material-bacterial interaction behaviors. Diamond nanoparticle uptake by Bacillus sp. and osteoblasts was visualized using TEM. Further biological testing of assembled micro‐/nano‐structured diamond films revealed the desirable biocompatibility and excellent anti-fouling performance against microbial adhesion and colonization. The presented results may contribute to the development of the manufacturing techniques and biological applications for micro‐/nano‐structured diamond films.

Keywords: Key words: Surfaces, carbon materials, nanocrystalline materials, particles, thin films.