Sweating Bullets: Heat, High-Stakes Evaluations, and the Role of Incentives

62 Pages Posted: 2 Feb 2024

See all articles by Jose Maria Martinez

Jose Maria Martinez

Michigan State University - Department of Agricultural, Food and Resource Economics

Victor Zuluaga

University of Houston

Alexander Buritica

Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT

Date Written: January 19, 2024

Abstract

We study the effect of temperature on students' performance and how changes in the incentives to study alter this impact in the context of high-school exit exams in Colombia. We show that temperature increases have a negative impact on exam scores, particularly among urban students. Conversely, rural students exhibit slightly positive effects. Leveraging time-use data, we find evidence of individuals in rural areas responding to increases in temperature by reallocating time towards off-farm activities, which are human capital intensive. Additionally, the announcement of a national scholarship program, which introduced exogenous variation in exam stakes, reveals that heightened student effort exacerbates the temperature's impact on scores. In particular, an interquartile change in the exposure to this program increases the impact of temperature on exam scores by 12.4%. This underscores the intricate relationship between incentive-based policies and the challenge of rising temperatures. As global temperatures continue to rise, understanding this dynamic is crucial for informing effective educational policy.

Keywords: Temperature, human capital, climate change, adaptation.

JEL Classification: I21, I26, J24, Q51, Q54, Q56.

Suggested Citation

Martinez, Jose Maria and Zuluaga, Victor and Buritica, Alexander, Sweating Bullets: Heat, High-Stakes Evaluations, and the Role of Incentives (January 19, 2024). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4700703 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4700703

Jose Maria Martinez (Contact Author)

Michigan State University - Department of Agricultural, Food and Resource Economics ( email )

MI
United States

Victor Zuluaga

University of Houston ( email )

Houston, TX 77204-5882
United States

Alexander Buritica

Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT ( email )

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