The Evolution towards the Blank Slate

Abstract

This article critically examines the evolutionary and game theoretical literature, proposing a novel synthesis to address the longstanding nature-nurture debate. The humanization process is based on “de-instinctivation”, that is, the replacement of hardwired behavior with cultural control. Genes play a limited role in cultural evolution, which is mostly autonomous.

The ethical and political consequences of this theory are outlined: the power of culture is large, and social experimentation is possible but dangerous. The moralization process is based on strong reciprocity, and normally proceeds by the expansion of reciprocal support schemes. Utilitarian impartiality has to be de-emphasized and replaced by “inclusive reciprocity”, where a human group creates schemes of mutual support and it is open to those who are willing to assume those obligations.

Keywords: cultural evolution, nature-nurture