Smallholder Farmers’ Challenges and Opportunities: Implications for Agricultural Production, Environment and Food Security

33 Pages Posted: 28 May 2024

See all articles by Van Touch

Van Touch

The University of Melbourne

Daniel K. T. Tan

The University of Sydney - School of Life and Environmental Sciences

Brian R. Cook

The University of Melbourne

De Liu

NSW DPI, Wagga Wagga

Rebecca Cross

The University of Sydney

Thong Anh Tran

The University of Melbourne

Ariane Utomo

The University of Melbourne

Sophea Yous

affiliation not provided to SSRN

Clemens M. Grünbühel

affiliation not provided to SSRN

Annette Cowie

New South Wales (NSW) Department of Primary Industries Armidale Livestock Industries Centre; University of New England

Abstract

In an era of growing environmental, socioeconomic, and market uncertainties, understanding the adaptive strategies of smallholder farmers is paramount for sustainable agricultural productivity and environmental management efforts. We adopted a mixed-methods approach to investigate the adaptive strategies of smallholders in response to changes in the environment, socioeconomics and technology. We began with statistical analysis of downscaled climate projections to better understand future climate conditions and scenarios. We then interviewed farm households to gather demographic and socioeconomic insights, monitored crop growth, and documented farm inputs to evaluate farming productivity and profitability. We finally conducted semi-structured interviews to identify major constraints and adaptation mechanisms among smallholder farmers. Our household typology analysis reveals the diverse livelihood strategies and economic dependencies of farming communities. From young, small landholding farmers reliant on leased lands to affluent households with large, irrigated farmland, each cluster represents a distinct socio-economic profile and level of agricultural engagement. The prevalence of part-time farming and migration highlights the precarious nature of rural livelihoods in these communities, with some households reliant on remittances for income and to supplement farming. Additionally, our crop production investigation across household clusters uncovers the trade-offs between intensive farming practices and environmental sustainability, offering opportunities to introduce environmentally friendly practices into smallholder farmers' agricultural systems. Examining farmers' coping mechanisms and adaptive capacity in the face of diverse challenges and risks reveals their innovative strategies and flexibility in navigating complex challenges and difficult circumstances. However, despite their efforts, many farmers continue to face significant hardships and vulnerabilities. This underscores the urgent need for targeted policies and interventions that enhance farmers' adaptative capacity and sustainability in responding to the diverse challenges and vulnerabilities. Our study contributes evidence-based recommendations for policymakers, practitioners, and stakeholders that target and enhance agricultural productivity, improve environmental conditions, alleviate poverty, and bolster food security.

Keywords: Climate projections, Household typology, Farmer challenges, Adaptive capacity, food security

Suggested Citation

Touch, Van and Tan, Daniel K. T. and Cook, Brian R. and Liu, De and Cross, Rebecca and Tran, Thong Anh and Utomo, Ariane and Yous, Sophea and M. Grünbühel, Clemens and Cowie, Annette, Smallholder Farmers’ Challenges and Opportunities: Implications for Agricultural Production, Environment and Food Security. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4846413 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4846413

Van Touch (Contact Author)

The University of Melbourne ( email )

Parkville, 3010
Australia

Daniel K. T. Tan

The University of Sydney - School of Life and Environmental Sciences ( email )

Brian R. Cook

The University of Melbourne ( email )

Parkville, 3010
Australia

De Liu

NSW DPI, Wagga Wagga ( email )

WWAI
Pine Gully Road
Wagga Wagga, NSW, New South Wales 2650
Australia

Rebecca Cross

The University of Sydney ( email )

University of Sydney
Sydney, 2006
Australia

Thong Anh Tran

The University of Melbourne ( email )

Parkville, 3010
Australia

Ariane Utomo

The University of Melbourne ( email )

Parkville, 3010
Australia

Sophea Yous

affiliation not provided to SSRN ( email )

No Address Available

Clemens M. Grünbühel

affiliation not provided to SSRN ( email )

No Address Available

Annette Cowie

New South Wales (NSW) Department of Primary Industries Armidale Livestock Industries Centre ( email )

Armidale
Australia

University of New England

11 Hills Beach Road
Biddeford, ME 04005
United States

Do you have a job opening that you would like to promote on SSRN?

Paper statistics

Downloads
28
Abstract Views
99
PlumX Metrics