Algorithmic Cooperation

45 Pages Posted: 6 Jun 2024

See all articles by Bernhard Kasberger

Bernhard Kasberger

Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf - Duesseldorf Institute for Competition Economics (DICE)

Simon Martin

Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf - Duesseldorf Institute for Competition Economics (DICE)

Hans-Theo Normann

Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf - Department of Economics; Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods

Tobias Werner

Center for Humans and Machines / Max Planck Institute for Human Development; Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf - Duesseldorf Institute for Competition Economics (DICE)

Multiple version iconThere are 2 versions of this paper

Date Written: 2024

Abstract

Algorithms play an increasingly important role in economic situations. These situations are often strategic, where the artificial intelligence may or may not be cooperative. We study the deter-minants and forms of algorithmic cooperation in the infinitely repeated prisoner’s dilemma. We run a sequence of computational experiments, accompanied by additional repeated prisoner’s dilemma games played by humans in the lab. We find that the same factors that increase human cooperation largely also determine the cooperation rates of algorithms. However, algorithms tend to play different strategies than humans. Algorithms cooperate less than humans when cooperation is very risky or not incentive-compatible.

Keywords: artificial intelligence, cooperation, large language models, Q-learning, repeated prisoner’s dilemma

JEL Classification: C720, C730, C920, D830

Suggested Citation

Kasberger, Bernhard and Martin, Simon and Normann, Hans-Theo and Werner, Tobias, Algorithmic Cooperation (2024). CESifo Working Paper No. 11124, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4855849 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4855849

Bernhard Kasberger (Contact Author)

Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf - Duesseldorf Institute for Competition Economics (DICE) ( email )

Universitaetsstr. 1
Duesseldorf, NRW 40225
Germany

Simon Martin

Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf - Duesseldorf Institute for Competition Economics (DICE) ( email )

Universitaetsstr. 1
Duesseldorf, NRW 40225
Germany

Hans-Theo Normann

Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf - Department of Economics ( email )

Duesseldorf
Germany

Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods ( email )

Kurt-Schumacher-Str. 10
D-53113 Bonn, 53113
Germany

Tobias Werner

Center for Humans and Machines / Max Planck Institute for Human Development ( email )

Berlin
Germany

Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf - Duesseldorf Institute for Competition Economics (DICE) ( email )

Universitaetsstr. 1
Duesseldorf, NRW 40225
Germany

HOME PAGE: http://tfwerner.com

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