Optimization of Novel Power Supply Topology with Hybrid and Multielement Energy Storage for Controllable Nuclear Fusion Devices Superconducting Magnets

Abstract

In response to the escalating capacity and requirement of fusion devices for self-sustainable nuclear fusion reactions, a significant challenge arises in the form of severe power impact on the grid and redundancy in the power supply. To address these issues, this study proposes an innovative approach integrating energy storage solutions into fusion power supply system. By utilizing a combination of strategically located lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors within the power supply structure, a dual-system configuration is introduced: the grid provides stable power, while the energy storage units supply pulse power, effectively mitigating grid impact and reducing transformer capacity requirements. Furthermore, the limitations of conventional energy storage elements in sustaining high-megawatt power output on a minute-by-minute basis are addressed through the introduction of a novel fusion power topology that features multiple types of energy storage elements. This hybrid configuration optimizes energy storage capability by leveraging the strengths of lithium-ion batteries for energy output and supercapacitors for pulse power output. To optimize the capacity configuration of the energy storage devices, a method utilizing an improve MOGWO is proposed. This methodology considers the cost of the power supply system, the lifetime of the energy storage devices, and their performances as key objectives. A case study based on ITER data demonstrates that the proposed scheme reduces power impact by 80% and main transformer capacity by 60% without increasing costs, offering a viable long-term solution. This study not only enhances power supply efficiency but also facilitates the effective utilization of energy stored in superconducting magnets, underscoring the significance of integrating energy storage devices in fusion power supply system.

Keywords: fusion device, power supply, energy storage, improved multi-objective grey wolf optimizer, tokamak