Formulation and Evaluation of Topical Nanogel Using Biogenic Zincoxide Nanoparticles Derived Using Coriandrum Sativum Seed Extract

Abstract

The current work employed biogenic and chemical synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using Coriandrum sativum seed extract and formulate antibacterial nanogels. The synthesized ZnO NPs were characterized for their morphological and functional groups using UV-Vis spectrophotometer, FESEM, FTIR, and XRD. C. sativum seed extract was appraised for its antioxidant activity and the total phenolic and flavonoid content of ZnO NPs from C. sativum were assessed. ZnO NPs and C. sativum incorporated gels were formulated and evaluated for their physicochemical characteristics. Using the agar disc diffusion technique, the nanogels’ antibacterial efficacy was tested against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The agglomerated biogenic ZnO NPs and chemical ZnO NPs possessed a spherical shape with size ranging from 39.5 nm to 77.4 nm in biogenic ZnO NPs and 66.9 nm to 165.7 nm in chemical ZnO NPs. The FTIR study showed that green synthesis ZnO NPs included proteins and phenolic compounds that was lacking in chemically synthesized ZnO NPs. ZnO NPs’ hexagonal wurtzite structure was observed. Green synthesis ZnO NPs were discovered to have 43.46 GAE mg/g and 93.23 QE mg/g of TPC and TFC, respectively. Green synthesis ZnO NPs’ DPPH had a weaker radical-scavenging activity than ascorbic acid, the positive control, with an EC50 value of 209.06 g/mL. ZnO NPs incorporated gel had excellent antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus, and formulated antibacterial gel showed promising physicochemical characteristics.

Keywords: antibacterial activity, antioxidant activity, Coriandrum sativum, green synthesis, zinc oxide nanoparticles, incorporated antibacterial gel