Migration and Accumulation Characteristics of Exogenous Cd in the Different Soil-Grape Systems and Evaluation of Health Risk of Cd in Grapes a Three-Years Pot Experiment

Abstract

In the present study, we conducted three treatments with different cadmium concentrations and three different soil types selected for grape cultivation to assess the accumulation and migration characteristics of Cd in the soil-grape system in different years. The change in Cd fractions in soil and the transfer and accumulation of Cd in different soil-grape systems were analyzed to evaluate the health risks of pulp cadmium accumulation to grape consumers. The results showed that after planting of grape, the active Cd fraction increased by 1~ 3 times and the stable fraction decreased by 1~ 3 times compared to before planting grapes. It gradually began to stabilize as the cultivation period increased. The bioaccumulation factor (BCF) of Cd in different parts of grape was ranked as: root (0.094~2.590) > stem (0.117~2.112) > leaf (0.008~0.621) > seed (0.010~0.195) > skin (0.000~0.148) > pulp(0.000~0.156). High Cd concentration inhibited the transfer of Cd from the soil and root to the aboveground part of the grape. The Cd of grape pulp no health risks. In different soil and different exogenous Cd conditions, Cd pollution inhibited the enrichment of Actinobacteria in the soil. Instead, it promoted the enrichment of Acidobacteria. The results of this study will help to clarify migration patterns between different soil–grape systems and providing effective data and theoretical support for the management of Cd pollution in vineyard soils.

Keywords: Grape cadmium, Bio-concentration coefficient (BCF), Mobility ratio (MR), Carcinogenic risk (CR)