Green Hydrogen Production Potential in Brazil: A Comprehensive Review of Current Perspectives and Future Visions

Abstract

Brazil is recognized for its relevant energy potential, especially in renewable energy sources. This study investigates the country’s capability to produce green hydrogen and become an international player in hydrogen market. The review highlights that steam reforming of methane from sugarcane vinasse (11.32 Mt/year) and electrolysis through hybrid systems using wind, solar PV and hydro based electricity (5.05 Mt/year) have the highest potential. The geographic distribution of this potential is extensive and widespread. Solar and wind sources emerge as prominent contributors in the Northeast region, whereas hydroelectricity and wind power display high potential in the Southeast and in the South regions of the country. Cost analysis reveal a considerable variability depending on technologies and energy sources, with estimations varying from USD 0.90/kg H2 for steam reforming of methane from sugarcane vinasse to the USD 54.45/kg H2 for electrolysis linked to wind and solar.

Keywords: green hydrogen, renewable hydrogen, Energy transition, renewable energy, Brazil