Impact of Physical Exercise on Adhd Symptoms in Children: A Meta-Analysis for Developing Personalized Exercise Interventions

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to systematically evaluate the effects of physical exercise on children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and provide evidence for optimal exercise prescription. 

Methods: We searched databases including PubMed and Web of Science, incorporating 20 randomized controlled trials with 48 effect sizes. We conducted meta-analysis and subgroup analysis using a random-effects model. 

Results: Physical exercise significantly improved ADHD symptoms (SMD = 0.27, 95% CI [0.00-0.54]). Therapeutic and alternative exercise modalities, medium-term interventions (12-24 weeks), moderate frequency (twice weekly), and short duration sessions (<30 minutes) showed the best effects. 

Conclusion: Physical exercise serves as an effective adjunctive treatment for improving ADHD symptoms. We recommend therapeutic and alternative exercise modalities lasting 12-24 weeks, performed twice weekly for less than 30 minutes per session. These findings provide important reference for clinical practice in managing ADHD in children.

Note:
Funding Declaration: None.

Conflict of Interests: None.

Keywords: Keywords: Physical exercise, ADHD children, Exercise prescription, Intervention effects, meta-analysis