Parents' Beliefs in the "American Dream" Affect Parental Investments in Children: Evidence from an Experiment

Abstract

Research in economics and psychology shows that individuals are sensitive to cues about economic conditions in ways that affect attitudes, beliefs, and behavior. We provide causal evidence that parents' beliefs about economic mobility prospects shape parental investments of time and money in children. To do so we conduct an on-line information experiment with ~ 1,000 socioeconomically diverse parents of children ages 5-15. The information treatment aimed to manipulate parents' beliefs in the possibility for future upward (downward) economic mobility in US society. The experimental results yield three conclusions. First, parents are highly sensitive to signals about future economic mobility prospects. Second, parents who are induced to believe in the likely possibility of future upward mobility increase their beliefs about the return on their own investments of time and money. Using a novel measure of time investment we developed, these parents also increase their time investments in the service of boosting children's skill. Finally, they report being more willing to pay for resources that would boost their child's skill development. Third, these patterns are true for economically advantaged and disadvantaged families alike. We discuss the implication of these results in terms of reports showing that Americans are losing faith in "The American Dream."