Cucumeropsis Mannii Seed Oil Reduces the Damage to the Kidneys in a Rat Model that Has Been Exposed to Cisplatin by Downregulating Cytokines and the Apoptotic Pathway

Abstract

Background: For their therapeutic properties, medicinal plants have long been prized in many cultures. Among these plants, Cucumeropsis mannii, or C. mannii, has attracted a lot of interest because of its possible medical uses. A common side effect of cisplatin (cis-diamine dichloroplatinum II: CDDP), a chemotherapeutic medication, is nephrotoxicity. One of its effects is the overproduction of inflammatory and apoptotic markers. It becomes essential to discover a natural remedy. Purpose: This study investigated the mechanism by which C. mannii seed oil (CMSO) inhibits cytokines and apoptotic pathways to mitigate nephrotoxicity in Wistar albino rats administered cisplatin. We explored the chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) technique to analyze the bioactive compounds in CMSO. Study design and methods: We randomly divided twenty-one male Albino rats (90–110 g) into groups 1–7; each group had three rats, which received C. mannii seed oil or normal saline for ten consecutive days. Group 1 rats received 1 mL of normal saline, regardless of body weight (b.w.). For ten consecutive days, rats received C. mannii seed oil orally at 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 8 milligrams per kilogram, plus 8 milligrams/kilogram of cisplatin on day 7, respectively, for groups 2, 3, and 4. Rats in groups 5 and 6 only took 2.5 and 7.5 milliliters per kilogram of C. mannii seed oil orally for 10 days, while group 7 received 8 milligrams per kilogram of cisplatin on day 7. We allowed the animals’ access to water and normal rat feed during the 10-day trial. We euthanized all the rats, extracted their kidneys, and transferred them to the laboratory for analysis of apoptotic and inflammatory markers. Results: The GC-MS results identified a total of 79 phytoconstituents. The principal components were 2-methyl 1-heptene (37.94), 6-octadecenoic acid (3.15), 2-hydroxy cyclopentadecanone (2.85), and 2-hydroxy cyclopentadecanone (2.33). It was octadic-9-enoic acid (0.05), 6-pentadactyl ester (0.1), tetradecane-11-en-1-ol acetate (0.1), and oleic acid that had the smallest amounts. Wistar albino Rats exposed to cisplatin only developed nephrotoxicity. Rats that received CMSO before cisplatin administration benefited from kidney protection because it reduced the number of apoptotic tubular cells. Overall, there was a significant decrease in Bs-3, caspase-3, caspase-9 activation, and Bax expression. It was also demonstrated that combining cisplatin and CMSO stopped TNF-α, IL-β1, and 6 release and prevented NF-κB activation.Conclusion: According to the findings, CMSO can protect the kidneys by reducing inflammatory and apoptotic responses, possibly due to its nutraceuticals, which may have known renoprotective properties.

Note:
Funding declaration: This study did not receive any external funding.

Conflict of Interests: The authors declared none.

Ethical Approval: Under certificate reference number UNN/FBS/23/PG/MSc/19/90244, the study was approved by the Faculty of Biological Sciences Research Ethics Committee at the University of Nigeria, Nsukka.

Keywords: CMSO, Inflammatory, Apoptotic, Phytochemicals, Renoprotection