Respiratory Pressure and Flow Data Collection Device Providing a Framework for Closed-Loop Mechanical Ventilation

Abstract

This article details a pressure and flow sensor device which offers personalized mechanical ventilator support in a closed-loop control system. This device improves on previous respiratory data collection devices and is optimized for the invasive mechanical ventilation use case.In current practice, patient response to mechanical ventilation is highly variable, and not patient specific. Furthermore, current weaning best-practice relies on clinical experience which can lead to variability and inequity in both care and health outcomes. Personalized care can improve these inequities when combined with digital twin models, which simulate physiology based on patient specific data.The device consists of two 3D printed custom Venturis and a Y-piece, with differential pressure sensors measuring gauge, inhalation, and exhalation pressure at the patient. The sensor system has an operating range of  and a mean error in flow data of 3.2%. The system uses BLE communication between ESP32-S3 development boards to facilitate the closed loop framework. Within this loop, pressure data is sent to a digital beside sheet, which runs digital twin protocols and sends commands to a BLE controlled ventilator. Overall, this device allows the future development and validation of personalized mechanical ventilation treatment through integration with digital twin models.

Keywords: Mechanical Ventilation, Respiration, Pressure, Flow, Venturi, Digital Twin, Closed Loop