Optimizing Thermal and Strength Characteristics of Loess-Based Ceramic Aggregates for Sustainable Buildings

Abstract

The integration of phase change materials (PCMs) into building energy storage systems (ESS) offers significant potential for enhancing energy efficiency. However, their applications are limited owing to challenges such as leakage, low thermal conductivity, and reduced structural strength of building materials. This paper introduces a novel aggregate material that overcomes these limitations by preventing leakage, improving thermal conductivity, and maintaining structural integrity. By analyzing loess ceramic aggregates of various diameters, this study contributes significantly to the understanding of size-dependent thermal storage performance. The results of morphological and thermal stability analyses as well as PCM impregnation rate evaluations demonstrated that these aggregates provide superior heat storage and compatibility with building materials. Furthermore, cement mortar specimens incorporating these aggregates exhibited higher compressive strengths than those with conventional fine sand, indicating their suitability for use in carbon-neutral buildings. These findings suggest that the developed aggregates present a promising solution for enhancing both energy efficiency and structural strength in sustainable construction.

Keywords: Thermal storage aggregate, Shape-stabilized PCM, Loess-based Ceramics, Cement mortar, Compressive strength, Comprehensive performance evaluation