Abhāva (Non-Existence) in Nyāya-Vaiśeṣika

Abstract

This paper analyzes the concept of abhāva (non-existence) within the Nyāya-Vaiśeṣika philosophical framework, emphasizing its critical role in understanding reality and causation. It discusses how foundational texts, such Tarkasaṅgraha and Padārthadharmasaṅgraha, categorize abhāva into various types-pragabhava (prior nonexistence), pradhvamsabhava (posterior non-existence), atyantabhava (absolute nonexistence), and anyonyabhava (mutual non-existence)-to elucidate the interplay between existence and non-existence. The paper argues that abhāva is essential for addressing ontological questions and understanding the dynamics of existence, ultimately linking it to concepts of liberation (moksha) within the Nyāya-Vaiśeṣika tradition.

Keywords: Existence, Ontology, Epistemology, Reality