Understanding Educational Research: A Brief Review

Abstract

This paper explores multiple methods for answering significant questions and applying the scientific method within the context of educational research. Four key methods to seek answers include qualitative, quantitative, mixed-method, and action research approaches, each offering unique insights based on their respective frameworks. The scientific method, characterized by systematic observation, hypothesis formulation, and data analysis, provides a structured approach to studying educational topics. Educational research is defined by its pursuit of evidence-based solutions to pedagogical issues, grounded in rigor, validity, and replicability, while being distinct from anecdotal or opinionbased inquiries. Key terms associated with educational research, such as hypothesis, variables, sampling, and reliability, are essential for understanding the process. Additionally, various research methodologies, including surveys, case studies, and longitudinal research, offer diverse avenues for investigating educational phenomena. The research process itself follows major steps, including identifying a problem, reviewing literature, formulating hypotheses, collecting data, analyzing results, and drawing conclusions. Exploring research in one's discipline is critical for refining pedagogical practices and staying informed on current trends. Educators conducting their own research are seen as vital, as it fosters a deeper connection to classroom realities, improves teaching methods, and promotes lifelong learning in their field.

Keywords: Educational research, scientific method, qualitative research, quantitative research, mixed-methods, action research, research process, hypothesis, research methodology