Integrated Energy Systems Optimization: Enhancing Demand Response and Carbon Tax Strategies

Abstract

The coordinated implementation of integrated demand response and carbon tax enables flexible interactions among sources, networks, loads, and energy conversion in the new power system. To promote the energy system's transition toward low-carbon and sustainable development, this paper proposes an optimal operation strategy addressing the complex spatio-temporal coupling characteristics of multiple loads and the carbon tax allocation mechanism. Based on the diverse energy supply capacities of various suppliers, a ladder-type carbon pricing model with a strong correlation interval is introduced. Using enhanced Shapley values combined with risk factors and the Equal Allocation of Nonseparable Costs method, a fair carbon tax allocation model for multiple stakeholders is proposed. For the load side, an integrated demand response model is developed, and a two-tier game framework is established with the Integrated Energy Operator leading and Energy Suppliers and Load Aggregators following. This framework yields the optimal operation strategy for the integrated energy system, considering different interest preferences. Numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness of this method in improving energy efficiency, reducing carbon emissions, and enhancing the overall sustainability of the integrated energy system (IES).

Keywords: integrated energy system, Carbon tax allocation, integrated demand response, Stackelberg game, Low-carbon complementary operation