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Assessment of Environmental and Genetic Factors and Mental Health Outcomes for Trajectories of Sleep Disturbance from Late Childhood to Early Adolescence
20 Pages Posted: 16 Jan 2025
More...Abstract
Background: To evaluate the longitudinal associations of sleep disturbance trajectories with different risk factors and mental health outcomes from late childhood to early adolescence.
Methods: This cohort study used longitudinal data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study. Individuals were assessed for sleep disturbance annually and growth mixture modeling was employed to derive trajectories of sleep disturbance in 11509 individuals. Regression models examined the longitudinal associations of these trajectories with different risk factors and psychopathology syndromes.
Findings: A total of 11509 children (6029 [52.4%] boys) were categorized into 4 distinct trajectories of sleep disturbance: decreasing (292 [2.54%]), persistent (430 [3.74%]), increasing (470 [4.08%]), and stable low (10317 [89.64%]). Multinomial logistic regression models revealed that compared to stable low, adverse trajectories were distinctly associated with polygenic risk scores and changes in environmental factors from different domains. An increase in primary caregiver mental health problems showed the strongest association with increasing trajectory (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.24 to 1.49, P < 0.001). Moreover, adverse trajectories showed changes in psychopathology syndromes consistent with themselves with stronger effects on internalizing than externalizing problems.
Interpretation: Adverse trajectories of sleep disturbance were distinctly associated with a variety of environmental and genetic risk factors and the development of psychopathology syndromes. These findings suggest that incorporation of environmental and genetic risk factors could help identify individuals with less favorable trajectory of sleep disturbance, who should be prioritized for early intervention to improve sleep health and mental health outcomes from late childhood to early adolescence.
Keywords: trajectory of sleep disturbance, environmental factors, genetics, mental health outcomes
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