Farmers, Chemicals and Fertility of Soil: A Quest to Sustainability

Abstract

This study examines the evolving use of synthetic chemicals in intensive agriculture over the past decade. It highlights the negative impacts of chemical inputs on soil health and ecosystem integrity and recommends knowledge-sharing platforms, soil protection laws, and collaborative efforts between regulatory agencies and agricultural experts. The study emphasizes the need for a balanced approach that includes natural methods alongside synthetic chemicals, particularly herbicides. Ten years ago, farmers primarily used urea, DAP, and potassium for nutrients. However, increased awareness, market forces, and government subsidies have led to a significant rise in herbicide use as a cost-effective weed management strategy. Over the past decade, synthetic fertilizer use for cotton cultivation has increased by 80%, leading to deteriorating soil quality. Paddy cultivation has decreased by 23%, while cotton cultivation has increased by 20.4% due to higher economic incentives. Currently, 89.1% of farmers use herbicides, compared to 97.2% who did not a decade ago. Insecticide use has also surged, with 97.8% of farmers applying 1.5 liters or more per acre. The excessive use of chemicals threatens soil fertility and disrupts the ecosystem's balance. This article explores the reasons behind the adoption of chemical-intensive farming practices and offers insights into farmers' decision-making processes. The careful use of synthetic chemicals is essential to safeguard soil health and maintain ecological balance.

Keywords: Ecosystem Integrity, Herbicides, Intensive Agriculture, Soil Health, Synthetic Chemicals