Is Charitable Giving Political? Evidence from Wealth and Income Tax Returns

Abstract

Is charitable giving politically motivated? This article uses exhaustive administrative household panel data and a natural experiment to investigate the giving behavior of wealthy households and quantify their preferences for charitable and political donations. Our dataset includes all the households filing their income tax and/or wealth tax returns in France between 2006 and 2021. Both charitable and political donations benefit from a 66% income tax credit, but only the charitable ones are eligible for the 75% wealth tax credit. We exploit the 2017 wealth tax reform – a change in the taxable base that led to a drop of two thirds in the number of liable households and, as a result, an increase in the price of charitable giving – and show that charitable and political donations are substitute. According to our estimates, a ten-percent increase in the price of charitable giving leads to a 0:18 p.p. increase in the propensity to make a political donation, and to a large rise (corresponding to 3% of the mean) in the amount given conditional on giving. Next, using city-level information, we show that the increase in the price of charitable giving mostly benefits pro-business political parties. Finally, we document that the drop in charitable donations is mostly driven by politically involved nonprofit organizations, pointing toward political motivations behind charitable giving.

Keywords: charitable giving, political donations, tax incentives for giving, wealth tax credit, cross-elasticity of donations, nonprofit organizations

JEL Classification: H240, H310, L380