Beyond Passwords: Trends and Innovations in Password less Authentication

Abstract

As the digital landscape evolves, the demand for reliable authentication systems also rises. Conventional methods reliant on passwords are susceptible to various security threats, leading to a growing interest in password- free security solutions. This literature review examines emerging patterns and challenges in password-free security, shedding light on the strategies and technologies that will shape the future of authentication. The paper starts by outlining the drawbacks and vulnerabilities of password-based authentication, highlighting the need for alternative approaches. It then delves into the concept of password- less authentication, emphasizing its potential to enhance security, user experience, and convenience. It explores a range of password-less authentication solutions, including biometrics, smart cards, and cryptographic tokens, each with its own set of benefits and drawbacks. Additionally, the paper examines the latest developments in password-less security, such as behavioral biometrics, continuous authentication, and decentralized identity systems. These advancements are expected to address many of the current authentication challenges, such as password reuse and phishing attacks, while paving the way for a more user- centric and secure authentication landscape. Despite the positive trends, several challenges have emerged. Achieving widespread adoption of password-less authentication requires addressing fundamental issues such as interoperability, user privacy, and legal compliance. Moreover, the ever-evolving landscape of cyber threats necessitates continuous research and development efforts to proactively anticipate potential vulnerabilities and attacks.

Keywords: Passwordless authentication, Biometrics, Cyber security, Security Tokens