Optimising Digital Data Collection for Inclusive Transport Planning: A Case Study on Accessibility for People with Disabilities

Abstract

The rise of online surveys in travel behaviour studies has introduced an efficient approach to capturing diverse data, including critical accessibility measures for people with disabilities. This paper addresses two key questions: (1) What accessibility measures are employed in existing transport studies utilising online surveys? (2) How can online surveys be adapted to address accessibility challenges for individuals with visual impairments and cognitive disabilities? A review of 40 studies from 2019 to 2025 reveals significant gaps in accessibility practices. Inclusive recruitment strategies and transparency about accessibility adaptations were also found to be underutilised. The absence of standardised tools or guidelines further exacerbates these challenges. To address these issues, the paper presents a case study of focus groups for developing a Qualtrics survey conducted in the United Kingdom with participants with disabilities, illustrating the iterative adaptations required for inclusive data collection. By emphasising the challenges encountered alongside best practices, this study introduces a practical framework to enhance accessibility in transport-related surveys comprising seven critical dimensions: Overall Accessibility Adaptations, Inclusive Recruitment Strategy , Survey Tool Adaptations, Pilot Testing for Accessibility, Multiple Access Modes, Assistive Technology Support, and Accessibility Modifications Presented. These dimensions provide a comprehensive and replicable evaluation structure to ensure that surveys meet the diverse needs of participants with disabilities. The framework offers actionable guidance for researchers, empowering them to design accessible surveys and adopt an inclusive approach to data collection, particularly for participants with visual impairments, cognitive disabilities, and learning disabilities. This study also provides a foundation for future research and applications by offering a practical framework and actionable guidelines that researchers can use to critically assess and refine their survey tools, ensuring accessibility is prioritised throughout the research process. By addressing challenges alongside best practices, these recommendations foster more inclusive participation, ultimately improving the quality and representativeness of data in transport-related research.

Keywords: Accessibility Evaluation Metrics, Assistive Technologies in Surveys, Accessibility Framework for Online Surveys, Disability-Inclusive Transport Research, Adaptations for Cognitive and Visual Disabilities, Accessible Survey Design Guidelines