A Comprehensive Review of Color Science and Its Applications in Color Appearance Modeling, Lighting, Image Quality, and Emerging Technologies

Abstract

Color science is a multifaceted field that addresses the understanding of color perception, its reproduction, and its role in various domains such as computer graphics, virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), material appearance, and artwork reproduction. This research article explores key areas of color science, focusing on color appearance modeling, lighting, image quality, spectral-based image capture, archiving, reproduction of artwork, color management, and the integration of color science in modern digital technologies such as AR/VR and material appearance modeling. We investigate how color science influences the development of more accurate and visually compelling representations in media, with emphasis on its relevance to video and graphic development. The article concludes with a discussion on the future challenges and directions in this evolving field.