Bifunction G-C3n4@[Ru(Byp)3]2+ and its Electrospun Nanofibers for Smartphone-Integrated Fluorescence Detection of Aflatoxin B1 in Peanut Oil and Photocatalytic Detoxification

Abstract

A novel antibody-free bifunctional g-C3N4@Ru nanocomposite was developed for the sensitive detection and efficient detoxification of Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in peanut oil. The probe exhibits a color change from orange-red to blue due to electron transfer with AFB1, enabling detection with a low LOD of 1.72 ppb and a wide linear range (0–50 μM) in 5 min. g-C3N4@Ru also exhibits excellent photocatalytic properties, achieving 99.39% degradation efficiency within 120 min via the synergistic action of active substances (‧O2− and ‧OH). To enhance portability, the nanocomposite was integrated into PAN electrospun films (PAN NFs) and combined with smartphone imaging for real-time monitoring. A smartphone-based sensor was developed by analyzing the fluorescence R/B ratio of PAN NFs, achieving an improved LOD of 0.47 ppb. This strategy offers an innovative, eco-friendly, and portable solution for AFB1 detection and detoxification, with potential for food safety monitoring and mycotoxin removal from oils.

Keywords: aflatoxin B1, g-C3N4@Ru-based electrospun nanofibers, Ratiometric fluorescence detection, Photocatalytic detoxification, Smartphone