Pcm Energy Storage Tube Optimization Of Btms Based on Particle Swarm Algorithm

Abstract

The rapid growth of electric vehicles (EVs) necessitates efficient and lightweight battery thermal management systems. Phase change material energy storage tube(PCM-EST) offers high energy density and isothermal characteristics, making it a promising solution. However, existing studies primarily focus on optimizing individual design elements, neglecting the interactions between multiple parameters. Furthermore, enhancing heat transfer efficiency often increases weight and complexity, contradicting the lightweight and compact design requirements of EVs.This study proposes an optimized PCM-EST to improve heat transfer while reducing structural weight. Using CFD simulations, the effects of key geometric parameters fin number, fin height, and tube length on PCM melting and solidification behavior were analyzed. Results indicate that fin parameters significantly influence both heat transfer efficiency and mass. To address this, a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, combined with a Kriging surrogate model, was employed to achieve an optimal balance between thermal performance and lightweight design. The optimized design improved overall heat exchange capability by 8.7% and reduced weight by 0.732 kg.This research provides an integrated and systematic optimization approach, overcoming limitations in conventional design strategies. The findings contribute to the development of more efficient and sustainable EV battery thermal management systems, offering valuable insights for advanced thermal management technologies.

Keywords: phase change material energy storage tube(PCM-EST), new energy vehicle thermal management, enhanced heat transfer, Kriging surrogate model, particle swarm optimization(PSO)