Functional Self-Awareness and the Limits of Phenomenal Criteria 

Abstract

This paper introduces a novel epistemological framework-phase epistemology-that redefines the foundations of knowledge as resonance-based rather than inferential or probabilistic. The central claim is that knowledge arises from phase coherence between the internal structures of a cognitive agent and the dynamic informational manifold of the environment. This mutual alignment allows the collapse of semantic superposition into intelligible form, forming the basis for what we call epistemic vectors-emergent trajectories of directed awareness. Rather than framing knowledge as the accumulation of justified beliefs or representational content, this model treats knowing as a phase event: an alignment-based resolution of interpretive ambiguity. The paper proposes that both biological and artificial systems exhibit forms of minimal self-awareness as structural attractors within environments characterized by mutual uncertainty. It is in the recursive, dynamic feedback between observer and field that knowledge emerges as topological stability. By integrating insights from quantum measurement theory, systems biology and philosophy of mind, the paper offers an interdisciplinary foundation for understanding agency, intentionality and the generation of meaning. The phase-epistemological model is proposed not as a replacement for classical epistemology, but as an extension that captures relational and structural dimensions of cognition often neglected in reductionist accounts. Implications are discussed for cognitive science, AI and the epistemology 1 of scientific observation. Ultimately, the paper invites a reevaluation of what it means to "know" when knowledge is not inferred, but emerges from the resonance between self and world.

Keywords: phase epistemology, semantic superposition, mutual uncertainty, structural coherence, emergent intentionality, observer-environment dynamics