Green Battery Recycling: An Argument in Favor of Hydrometallurgy Using Organic Acids

Abstract

Hydrometallurgical recycling of lithium-ion batteries faces significant technical, eco- nomic, and logistic challenges, primarily from reliance on strong inorganic acids such as sulfuric acid. These corrosive reagents escalate material costs, generate hazardous waste, and demand stringent safety protocols, undermining conventional recycling methods’ cost efficiency and environmental sustainability. This study explores organic acids as greener alternatives, evaluating cost, environmental impact, and byproduct value. Diluted acetic acid emerged as a promising choice due to its moderate acidity, low toxicity, and compatibility with circular economy principles. Experimental results demonstrated its effectiveness in leaching critical metals under various conditions while minimizing safety and pollution risks. Advanced analytical technique suggested the formation of metal hydroxide as an intermediate during leaching. Compared to conventional methods, acetic acid based leaching offers a sustainable and economically viable solution. This approach enhances lithium ion battery recycling, promoting cleaner energy and material sustainability while addressing environmental and economic concerns.

Keywords: battery recycling, Organic acids, hydrometallurgy, Green Process