Titel: The theory of generative lexicon by J. Pustejovsky as one of the options for modeling the semantic structure of a word and identifying its deep meanings (using the lexeme russisch as an example)

Abstract

This study is devoted to identifying hidden meanings of ethnonymous adjectives in the German language based on the lexeme russisch, which are not recorded in modern German lexicographic sources as separate meanings, but are presented in examples and can be identified through the use of cognitive procedures for extracting word meanings. One of the options for modeling the semantic structure of a word was the theory of the so-called qualia structures (Qualia Structure), developed by J. Pustejovsky and his students and followers. The qualia structure includes four attributes (fields or roles in J. Pustejovsky's terminology) of objects, persons and phenomena: formal, constitutive, telic and agentive. A formal attribute encodes taxonomic information about a lexical unit, such as location, position and orientation in space, size or quantity, shape, outline, color, volume, place. With the help of a constitutive attribute, information about the parts of an object, the quality of states and processes occurring inside the object (for example, temperature, pathogenicity, purity of a substance, etc.), the material of which the object is composed, and its weight are encoded. The telic or target attribute incorporates information about the function and intended purpose of the object. The agentive attribute contains information about the origin of the object, its creator or producer, and includes such denotations as creator, objects of natural kind, artifacts, and objects indicating causal connections. Thus, the qualia structure of J. Pustejovsky represents one of the mechanisms for constructing the semantic structure of a word, thanks to which up to four attributes of meaning can be identified in each word. The five most authoritative authentic explanatory dictionaries of the German language served as the material for the study. To analyze the linguistic material, the method of component analysis was used, which was combined with the method of determining qualia structures (agentive, constitutive, formal and telic). Results. The revealed values of the qualia structure are divided into nuclear, subnuclear and peripheral. The values represented in all five dictionaries form the core. It has been established that nuclear semes implement only agentive attributes of objects. The nuclear zone includes formal and constitutive meanings. Meanings that do not have correspondences in dictionary definitions and identified during the analysis of examples in dictionary entries form the periphery of the field of lexicographic meanings of an ethnonymous adjective. Such meanings are manifested by the telic attributes of the qualia structure. Research implications. The developed method for revealing deep meanings, taking into account the qualia structure, will help to reveal the hidden meanings of words that are based on stereotypical perceptions of recipients and are not recorded in modern lexicographic sources.

Keywords: definitional analysis, deep meaning, ethnonym, ethnonymous adjective, field structure of meanings, qualia structure