The Low-Carbon Transition in European LV Distribution Networks: A Questionnaire-based survey on Power Quality and Digitalisation

Abstract

Amidst the evolving energy landscape, the strategies employed by distribution system operators regarding observation and planning have undergone a profound transformation. The growing integration of intermittent renewable energy sources, coupled with the proliferation of smaller decentralized energy resources and other low-carbon technologies such as heat pumps and electric vehicles, has added significant complexity to grid management. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the design methodologies, challenges, and opportunities faced by distribution system operators. In pursuit of this goal, a survey was conducted among European low-voltage distribution system operators, offering insights into the conceptualization of low-voltage networks and the application of artificial intelligence techniques for identifying and mitigating power quality degradation. The survey findings are contextualized with current academic literature to provide a thorough and holistic perspective on the topic.

Keywords: Distribution networks, Distribution system operators, Low-carbon technologies, Low-voltage, Power quality, Smart meters, Survey