Antimicrobial Effect of Chicken Eggshell Ointment Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus

Abstract

Background: Antibiotic resistance is one of the most serious threats to global public health due to the presence of bacteria, such as Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Therefore, it is crucial to develop new antibiotics through various natural materials. One such material is chicken eggshell, which has shown potential as an active ingredient in ointments to fight MRSA. Objective: This study aims to evaluate antimicrobial efficacy of chicken eggshell-based ointments against MRSA. Materials and methods: The diameter of inhibition for the ointments was determined after preparing chicken eggshell powder by heating the samples at 900°C for 3 hours. The resulting powder was then incorporated into various ointment bases, including hydrocarbon, absorption, washable, and water-soluble types. Subsequently, the antibacterial activity of the chicken eggshell-based ointments against MRSA was evaluated using agar diffusion techniques. Apart from assessing antibacterial efficacy, the physical properties of the ointments were tested. These tests included evaluations of organoleptic properties, homogeneity, spreadability, adhesiveness, pH, viscosity, and stability through cycling assessment. Results: Chicken eggshell powder formulated into different ointments showed good physical properties. In addition, antibacterial activity was only observed in a water-soluble base, with an inhibition zone diameter of 8.36 mm, classified as medium. Conclusion: Chicken eggshell ointments in a water-soluble base showed the most optimal physical properties and antibacterial activity.

Keywords: Chicken eggshell, MRSA, Ointments, Antibacterial