When Can Carbon Abatement Policies Increase Welfare? The Fundamental Role of Distorted Factor Markets
Discussion Paper 97-18
37 Pages Posted: 28 Oct 1997
There are 2 versions of this paper
When Can Carbon Abatement Policies Increase Welfare? The Fundamental Role of Distorted Factor Markets
When Can Carbon Abatement Policies Increase Welfare? The Fundamental Role of Distorted Factor Markets
Date Written: December 1996
Abstract
This paper employs analytical and numerical general equilibrium models to assess the efficiency impacts of two policies to reduce U.S. carbon emissions - a carbon tax and a carbon quota ? taking into account the interactions between these policies and pre-existing tax distortions in factor markets. We show that tax interactions significantly raise the costs of both policies relative to what they would be in a first-best setting. In addition, we show that these interactions put the carbon quota at a significant efficiency disadvantage relative to the carbon tax: the costs of reducing emissions by 10 per cent are more than 300 percent higher under the carbon quota than under the carbon tax. This disadvantage reflects the inability of the quota policy to generate revenue that can be used to reduce pre-existing distortionary taxes. Indeed, second-best considerations severely limit the potential of a carbon quota to generate overall efficiency gains. Under our central estimates, a non-auctioned carbon quota (or set of grandfathered carbon emissions permits) cannot increase efficiency unless the marginal benefits from avoided future climate change are at least $25 per ton of carbon abatement. Most estimates of these marginal environmental benefits are well below $25 per ton. Thus, our analysis suggests that any carbon abatement by way of a non-auctioned quota will not be efficiency-improving. In contrast, we estimate that a revenue-neutral carbon tax can be efficiency-improving so long as marginal environmental benefits are positive.
JEL Classification: L51, H23, D62
Suggested Citation: Suggested Citation
Do you have a job opening that you would like to promote on SSRN?
Recommended Papers
-
By Ian W. H. Parry, Roberton C. Williams, ...
-
Environmental Controls, Scarcity Rents, and Pre-Existing Distortions
By Don Fullerton and Gilbert E. Metcalf
-
Costs of Environmentally Motivated Taxes in the Presence of Other Taxes:General Equilibrium Analyses
-
Environmental Tax Interactions When Pollution Affects Health or Productivity
-
By Carolyn Fischer and Alan K. Fox
-
Empirical Estimates for Environmental Policy Making in a Second-Best Setting
-
Empirical Estimates for Environmental Policy Making in a Second-Best Setting
-
The Two-Part Instrument in a Second-Best World
By Don Fullerton and Ann Wolverton
-
Revisiting the Cost of Protectionism: The Role of Tax Distortions in the Labor Market
-
International Tradable Carbon Permits as a Strong Form of Joint Implementation
By Zhongxiang Zhang and Andries Nentjes