Properties of Bias-Corrected Realized Variance Under Alternative Sampling Schemes
22 Pages Posted: 17 Aug 2005 Last revised: 15 Feb 2008
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Properties of Bias-Corrected Realized Variance Under Alternative Sampling Schemes
Properties of Bias-Corrected Realized Variance Under Alternative Sampling Schemes
Abstract
In this paper I study the statistical properties of a bias corrected realized variance measure when high frequency asset prices are contaminated with market microstructure noise. The analysis is based on a pure jump process for asset prices and explicitly distinguishes among different sampling schemes, including calendar time, business time, and transaction time sampling. Two main findings emerge from the theoretical and empirical analysis. Firstly, based on the mean squared error criterion, a bias correction to realized variance allows for the more efficient use of higher frequency data than the conventional realized variance estimator. Secondly, sampling in business time or transaction time is generally superior to the common practice of calendar time sampling in that it leads to a further reduction in mean squared error. Using IBM transaction data, I estimate a 2.5 minute optimal sampling frequency for realized variance in calendar time which drops to about 12 seconds when a first order bias correction is applied. This results in a more than 65% reduction in mean squared error. If in addition prices are sampled in transaction time, a further reduction of about 20% can be achieved.
Keywords: realized variance, market microstructure noise, bias correction, pure jump process, diffusion limit, optimal sampling
JEL Classification: G12, C14, C22
Suggested Citation: Suggested Citation
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