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Nathalie A. Smuha

University of Toronto - Faculty of Law

78 and 84 Queen's Park

Toronto, Ontario M5S 2C5

Canada

SCHOLARLY PAPERS

17

DOWNLOADS

33,410

TOTAL CITATIONS

250

Scholarly Papers (17)

1.

How the EU Can Achieve Legally Trustworthy AI: A Response to the European Commission’s Proposal for an Artificial Intelligence Act

Number of pages: 64 Posted: 31 Aug 2021
University of Toronto - Faculty of Law, Radboud University, University of Strathclyde, School of Law, Zhejiang University, University of Birmingham - Birmingham Law School, University of Birmingham - Birmingham Law School and The University of Birmingham
Downloads 10,867 (1,231)
Citation 196

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artificial intelligence, fundamental rights, democracy, rule of law, Lawful AI, Legally Trustworthy AI, regulation

2.

The European Union's AI Act: beyond motherhood and apple pie?

Published in Nathalie A. Smuha (ed), The Cambridge Handbook of the Law, Ethics and Policy of Artificial Intelligence, Cambridge University Press, 2025, 228-258.
Number of pages: 31 Posted: 28 Jun 2024 Last Revised: 26 Jan 2026
Nathalie A. Smuha and Karen Yeung
University of Toronto - Faculty of Law and The University of Birmingham
Downloads 4,164 (6,441)
Citation 5

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artificial intelligence, AI Act, technical standardization, enforcement, AI regulation, data, risk-based approach, high-risk systems, general-purpose AI, meta-regulation

3.

From a 'Race to AI' to a 'Race to AI Regulation' - Regulatory Competition for Artificial Intelligence

Published in Law, Innovation and Technology, Vol. 13, Iss. 1, 2021
Number of pages: 26 Posted: 31 Dec 2019 Last Revised: 24 Mar 2021
Nathalie A. Smuha
University of Toronto - Faculty of Law
Downloads 4,098 (6,674)
Citation 13

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Artificial Intelligence, Race to AI, AI Regulation, Regulatory Competition

4.

The EU Approach to Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence

Computer Law Review International; 2019; Vol. 20; iss. 4; pp. 97 - 106
Number of pages: 11 Posted: 29 Aug 2019 Last Revised: 13 Oct 2023
Nathalie A. Smuha
University of Toronto - Faculty of Law
Downloads 3,214 (9,993)
Citation 7

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AI, Artificial Intelligence, ethics, law, governance, guidelines, fundamental rights

5.

Beyond the Individual: Governing AI’s Societal Harm

Internet Policy Review, 10(3). https://doi.org/10.14763/2021.3.1574
Number of pages: 32 Posted: 18 Nov 2021
Nathalie A. Smuha
University of Toronto - Faculty of Law
Downloads 3,036 (10,538)
Citation 4

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artificial intelligence, society, environmental law, EU law, AI governance, societal harm

6.

Digital Sovereignty in the European Union: Five Challenges from a Normative Perspective

Published in Barrett, G., Müller-Graff, PC., Rageade, JP., Vadász, V. (eds), European Sovereignty: The Legal Dimension (Springer, 2024).
Number of pages: 21 Posted: 19 Jul 2023 Last Revised: 15 Dec 2024
Nathalie A. Smuha
University of Toronto - Faculty of Law
Downloads 1,271 (41,665)

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digital sovereignty, European Union, artificial intelligence, digital policy, strategic autonomy

7.

Beyond a Human Rights-based approach to AI Governance: Promise, Pitfalls, Plea

Published in Philosophy & Technology, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-020-00403-w
Number of pages: 18 Posted: 18 Mar 2020 Last Revised: 29 Apr 2021
Nathalie A. Smuha
University of Toronto - Faculty of Law
Downloads 1,255 (42,345)
Citation 12

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Artificial Intelligence, ethics, human rights, AI governance, AI for good

8.

Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence in Education: Pitfalls and Pathways

Number of pages: 26 Posted: 07 Dec 2020
Nathalie A. Smuha
University of Toronto - Faculty of Law
Downloads 1,224 (43,178)
Citation 8

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9.

A Framework for Global Cooperation on Artificial Intelligence and its Governance

Published in 'Reflections on Artificial Intelligence for Humanity', edited by B. Braunschweig and M. Ghallab, Springer, 2021
Number of pages: 35 Posted: 15 Oct 2020 Last Revised: 29 Apr 2021
Pekka Ala-Pietilä and Nathalie A. Smuha
EC High-Level Expert Group on AI (Chair) and University of Toronto - Faculty of Law
Downloads 879 (68,595)
Citation 1

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Artificial Intelligence, Global Cooperation, Competition, Regulation, Governance, Data, Digital Infrastructure

10.

The Work of the High-Level Expert Group on AI as the Precursor of the AI Act

Number of pages: 27 Posted: 08 Jan 2025 Last Revised: 17 Jan 2025
Nathalie A. Smuha
University of Toronto - Faculty of Law
Downloads 849 (73,997)
Citation 1

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artificial intelligence, AI Act, High-Level Expert Group on AI, European Union, Ethics Guidelines, Policy Recommendations, Trustworthy AI, AI regulation, AI ethics

11.
Downloads 654 (101,268)
Citation 1

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artificial intelligence, philosophy, totalitarianism, Jewish ethics, relationality, intersubjectivity

12.

The Paramountcy of Data Protection Law in the Age of AI (Acts) 

Published in EDPS (ed), Two decades of personal data protection. What next? EDPS 20th Anniversary, Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union (2024)
Number of pages: 19 Posted: 25 Jul 2024 Last Revised: 10 Dec 2024
Nathalie A. Smuha
University of Toronto - Faculty of Law
Downloads 638 (105,722)
Citation 2

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artificial intelligence, GDPR, AI Act, data protection, EU law

13.

Artificial Intelligence in the Judiciary: A Threat to the Rule of Law?

Forthcoming in Monika Zalnieriute and Agne Limante (eds), The Cambridge Handbook of AI and Technologies in Courts, Cambridge University Press, 2026.
Number of pages: 12 Posted: 09 Mar 2026 Last Revised: 10 Mar 2026
Nathalie A. Smuha
University of Toronto - Faculty of Law
Downloads 402 (194,740)

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rule of law, judiciary, artificial intelligence, algorithmic rule by law, human dignity, rule of coders

14.

An Introduction to the Law, Ethics and Policy of Artificial Intelligence

Nathalie A. Smuha (ed.), The Cambridge Handbook of the Law, Ethics and Policy of Artificial Intelligence (Cambridge University Press, 2025).
Number of pages: 12 Posted: 02 Apr 2025
Nathalie A. Smuha
University of Toronto - Faculty of Law
Downloads 397 (197,695)

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artificial intelligence, law, ethics, policy, algorithmic systems, societal impact, AI hype, introduction

15.

Towards the EU Harmonization of Access to Cross-Border E-Evidence: Challenges for Fundamental Rights & Consistency

European Criminal Law Review, Vol.8(1), pp.83-115, 2018
Number of pages: 33 Posted: 31 Dec 2019 Last Revised: 18 Feb 2020
Nathalie A. Smuha
University of Toronto - Faculty of Law
Downloads 391 (190,748)

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E-evidence, Cross-border access, Fundamental Rights, Criminal Procedure, EU Regulation

16.

The Use of Algorithmic Systems by Public Administrations: Practices, Challenges and Governance Frameworks

Published in Nathalie A. Smuha (ed), The Cambridge Handbook of the Law, Ethics and Policy of Artificial Intelligence, Cambridge University Press, 2025, 383-410.
Number of pages: 28 Posted: 05 Feb 2026
Nathalie A. Smuha
University of Toronto - Faculty of Law
Downloads 42 (1,332,057)

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algorithmic regulation, public administration, artificial intelligence, rule of law, administrative law, human rights, data protection, AI Act

17.

The Relentless Threat of Algorithmic Rule by Law

Published in the European Data Protection Law Review, Volume 11, Issue 4, 2025, 395-401.
Number of pages: 7 Posted: 11 Feb 2026 Last Revised: 10 Mar 2026
Nathalie A. Smuha
University of Toronto - Faculty of Law
Downloads 29 (1,385,945)

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Algorithmic Rule by Law, Rule of Law, Rule by Law, Public Administration, Democracy, Human Rights, Artificial Intelligence, Algorithmic Regulation