Changsha, 410083
China
Central South University
Heavy rainfall, tunnel, Temperature distribution, Smoke stratification, Smoke layer height
Tunnel fires, Vertical shaft, Natural ventilation, Plug-holing, Richardson number
Tunnel fire during construction, High geothermal hazard, Construction shaft, smoke movement, temperature distribution
Unequal fires, Tunnel entrance, Fire separating distance, Burning rate, Flame characteristics
tunnel fire, Air entrainment, Lateral smoke exhaust, Shear flow
Tunnel fires, Back-layering length, Mobile smoke exhaust equipment (MSEE), Scale model experiments, numerical simulation, Prediction model