University of Oxford - Oxford Vaccine Group, University of Liverpool, Cornell University - Department of Neurology, Cliniques Universitaires de Kinshasa, University of Malawi - Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi - Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi - Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi - Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi - Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi - Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi - Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Pittsburgh - UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Malawi - Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Malawi - Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Rochester - School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Oxford, University of Liverpool, University of Malawi - Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, University of Pittsburgh - UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences - Blantyre Malaria Project, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences - Blantyre Malaria Project, Epicentre (Paris), Epicentre (Paris), University of Malawi - Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Mahidol University - Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, University College London, Imperial College London, University of Liverpool - Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool - Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences - Blantyre Malaria Project, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, University of Malawi - Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences - Blantyre Malaria Project, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Makerere University - School of Public Health, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences - Blantyre Malaria Project and University of Liverpool - Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences

University of Liverpool, University of Liverpool, University of Liverpool, University of Liverpool, University of Liverpool, University of Liverpool, University of Liverpool - Institute of Infection and Global Health and University of Liverpool

University of Liverpool, University of Liverpool, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, University of Liverpool, Centro Rosarino de Estudios Perinatales (CREP), Centro Rosarino de Estudios Perinatales (CREP), University of São Paulo (USP) - Ribeirão Preto Medical SchoolUniversity of São Paulo (USP) - Department of Social Medicine, World Health Organization (WHO) - UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction, World Health Organization (WHO) - UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction and University of Liverpool

University of Liverpool - Department of Geography & Planning, University of Liverpool, University of Liverpool - Department of Health Data Science, University of Liverpool, University of Liverpool - Department of Health Data Science, University of Liverpool - Department of Health Data Science, University of Liverpool - Department of Public Health Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool and University of Liverpool - Institute of Infection and Global HealthUniversity of Liverpool - Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology

University of Liverpool, University of Liverpool - Department of Health Data Science, University of Liverpool - Department of Public Health Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool - Department of Health Data Science, University of Liverpool - Department of Geography & Planning, University of Liverpool, University of Liverpool - Department of Health Data Science, University of Liverpool and University of Liverpool - Institute of Infection and Global Health

affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, University of Liverpool - Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, affiliation not provided to SSRN, University of Liverpool, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN and University of Liverpool

University of Liverpool, University of Liverpool, University of Liverpool, University of Liverpool, University of Liverpool, University of Liverpool, University of Liverpool - Institute of Infection and Global Health and University of Liverpool