Solvent extraction, platinum-group metal (PGM), Cyanex 923, hydrometallurgy, separation, polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) electrolyzer
A1 Dislocation density, A1 Residual stress, A1 Surface morphology, A3 Vapor phase epitaxy, B1 Gallium nitride
inert anode, aluminum electrolysis, decarbonization, cryolite, corrosion, upcycling, refractory recycling