University of Cambridge - MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge - MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge - MRC Biostatistics Unit, Independent, Independent, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, Independent, University of Oxford - The Ethox Centre, Lancaster University, University of Cambridge - MRC Biostatistics Unit, McGill University - BioMedical Ethics Unit, Government of the United Kingdom - The Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, RAND Corporation - RAND Europe - Cambridge, University of Cambridge - MRC Biostatistics Unit, Independent, Berry Consultants, LLC, University College London - MRC Clinical Trials Unit, Sanofi, University of Oxford - The Ethox Centre, University of KwaZulu-Natal, University of Cambridge - MRC Biostatistics Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Independent, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals - BioPharmaceuticals R&D, University of Bath, Carnegie Mellon University - Philosophy Department, Ethox Centre and University of Cambridge - MRC Biostatistics Unit

University of Galway, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, affiliation not provided to SSRN and University of Galway