Minimum Quality Regulations and the Demand for Child Care Labor

45 Pages Posted: 4 Sep 2021 Last revised: 9 Oct 2024

See all articles by Umair Ali

Umair Ali

Arizona State University (ASU) - School of Public Affairs

Chris M. Herbst

Arizona State University (ASU) - School of Public Affairs

Christos Makridis

Stanford University; Institute for the Future (IFF), Department of Digital Innovation, School of Business, University of Nicosia; The Gallup Organization; Arizona State University (ASU)

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Abstract

Minimum quality regulations are often justified in the child care market because of the presence of information frictions between parents and providers. However, regulations can also have unintended consequences for the quantity and quality of services provided. In this paper, we merge new data on states' child care regulations for maximum classroom group sizes and child-to-staff ratios with the universe of online job postings to study the impact of regulations on the demand for and characteristics of child care labor. Our identification strategy exploits the unprecedented variation in regulatory reform during the COVID-19 pandemic, relying on changes both within states over time and across children's age groups. We find robust evidence that these regulations reduce the number of child care job postings and encourage providers to substitute away from higher-skilled postings, thereby increasing the number of positions that are out-of-compliance with state law. Furthermore, we show that regulations adversely affect mothers' labor force participation. In sum, the results imply that child care regulations may reduce the demand for child care labor, while simultaneously altering the composition of the workforce.

Keywords: state regulation, employment, COVID-19, child care, women

JEL Classification: H75, J21, I28

Suggested Citation

Ali, Umair and Herbst, Chris M. and Makridis, Christos, Minimum Quality Regulations and the Demand for Child Care Labor. IZA Discussion Paper No. 14684, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3917299

Umair Ali (Contact Author)

Arizona State University (ASU) - School of Public Affairs ( email )

411 N Central Ave
Phoenix, AZ 85004
United States

Chris M. Herbst

Arizona State University (ASU) - School of Public Affairs ( email )

Box 870603
Tempe, AZ 85287
United States

Christos Makridis

Stanford University ( email )

Stanford, CA 94305
United States

Institute for the Future (IFF), Department of Digital Innovation, School of Business, University of Nicosia ( email )

Nicosia, 2417
Cyprus

The Gallup Organization ( email )

Washington, DC 20004
United States

Arizona State University (ASU) ( email )

Farmer Building 440G PO Box 872011
Tempe, AZ 85287
United States

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