(Un)Conventional Monetary and Fiscal Policy
57 Pages Posted: 25 Jul 2022 Last revised: 23 May 2024
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(Un)Conventional Monetary and Fiscal Policy
(Un)Conventional Monetary and Fiscal Policy
Date Written: July 14, 2022
Abstract
We build a tractable New Keynesian model to jointly study four types of monetary and fiscal policy. We find quantitative easing (QE), lump-sum fiscal transfers, and government spending have the same effects on the aggregate economy when fiscal policy is fully tax financed. Compared with these three policies, conventional monetary policy is more inflationary for the same amount of stimulus. QE and transfers have redistribution consequences, whereas government spending and conventional monetary policy do not. Ricardian equivalence breaks: tax-financed fiscal policy is more stimulative than debt-financed policy. Finally, we study optimal policy coordination and find that adjusting two types of policy instruments, the policy rate together with QE or fiscal transfers, can stabilize three targets simultaneously: inflation, the aggregate output gap, and cross-sectional consumption dispersion.
Keywords: monetary policy, quantitative easing, fiscal policy, tax finance, debt finance
JEL Classification: E52, E62, E63
Suggested Citation: Suggested Citation