Static and Dynamic Safety Performance Evaluation of Heavy Vehicle Drivers Based on the Slacks-Based Measure Supper-Efficiency Data Envelopment Analysis and Malmquist Index

Abstract

Road freight transportation plays an indispensable role in social production, commodity circulation and network consumption with its flexibility and efficiency. However, the number of traffic accidents and fatalities involving heavy vehicles has been high and this is mainly due to the drivers. Therefore, this study proposes a static and dynamic safety efficiency evaluation framework for heavy vehicle drivers based on the DEA and Malmquist index. Firstly, the data of drivers' aggressive behavior, abnormal status and risk maneuver are obtained to construct risk indicator database for efficiency evaluation. Secondly, the static efficiency of drivers is evaluated by DEA to obtain the efficiency score and ranking of individual in the fleet, and the improvement direction of the individual is determined according to the reference set. Then, the accuracy and stability of the evaluation model were verified by one-way ANOVA analysis and ranked difference test. After that, the Malmquist index was used to analyze the dynamic efficiency of individual and grasp the changing trend of individual efficiency in time. Finally, the static and dynamic efficiencies were combined to further analyze the overall driving performance, and targeted improvement measures were made for different drivers. The results of the study can be used to comprehensively evaluate the static and dynamic efficiency of heavy vehicle drivers and provide targeted improvement measures for different drivers. These findings could help freight management platforms conduct training interventions for drivers to adjust and optimize their driving performance.

Keywords: Heavy vehicle, data envelopment analysis, Malmquist index, aggressive behavior, abnormal status, risk maneuver