Alice at the Crossroads: A Proposed Classification of Decisions within the Gameworld of Video Games

Abstract

This article presents a theoretical framework to analyze decision-making processes in video game worlds and proposes a structured model for their study and design. Building on foundational research by Devine et al. (2014), Mawhorter et al. (2014), and Focht and Wardrip-Fruin (2022), the framework identifies decision-making as a three-stage process: (1) the player's cognitive evaluation of the game environment, (2) the execution of choices through game mechanics, and (3) resulting outcomes, encompassing immediate effects, long-term consequences, and alignment with player objectives.The model introduces 19 variables across four dimensions: Design and Development Characteristics, Mental Process Characteristics, Execution Characteristics, and Outcome Characteristics. It synthesizes insights from prior works, including Rouse (2001), Salen and Zimmerman (2003), Ithorn et al. (2012), Morrison (2013), Sylvester (2013), Narain (2016), Spallazzo and Mariani (2018), and Fernández-Vara (2020).By integrating theory and practice, the framework supports the design of decision-making processes that enhance player engagement, agency, and narrative coherence. It provides a critical tool for researchers and practitioners to evaluate and improve the relationship between player behavior and game design, advancing interactive media development.

Keywords: interaction analysis, decision-making, interactive narrative, videogame