A Hybrid Type I Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol for Evaluating the Feasibility, Acceptability, and Work Outcomes of Individualized Placement and Support Adapted for Autistic Adults in the Community

Abstract

Relatively few autistic adults, including those with average intellectual abilities, are competitively employed, meaning that they hold jobs together with non-disabled workers and receive comparable wages and benefits. In California, for example, most autistic individuals served by the state are placed in programs where they participate in skill-building and socialization but not in actual competitive jobs. Failure to participate in the labor force can diminish autistic workers’ sense of purpose, well-being, and ability to earn a living wage.     Available research suggests that supported employment that assists autistic adults in finding and keeping jobs, produces the highest sustained competitive employment rates. Thus, our team has been investigating the Individualized Placement and Support (IPS) model, which has an extensive evidence base for increasing competitive employment rates in individuals with chronic mental illnesses. In a California Department of Developmental Services Employment Grant investigating adults with autism and intellectual disabilities, we demonstrated a competitive employment placement rate of 52% using IPS. Components of IPS were appropriate for this population, however there were implementation challenges related to IPS model fit with the vocational support agencies.     Based on focus groups and stakeholder input, we have adapted IPS to provide intensive agency training, leadership education, and record keeping support. Herein, we detail a protocol for a Hybrid Type I randomized controlled trial of the adapted model (IPS-AUT) to evaluate feasibility, acceptability, and work outcomes. We also investigate potential moderators and mediators of treatment effectiveness to provide a foundation for a larger more adequately powered randomized clinical trial.

Note:
Funding Information: We received funding from the State of Calfornia and the NIH as listed on the coverpage.

Conflict of Interests: The authors of the manuscript below declare no conflict of interests.

Ethics Approval Statement: The study has been approved as an exempt study by the UC Davis IRB (2024578-4).

Keywords: supported employment, autism, individualized placement and support, employment outcomes, competitive integrated employment