Black Mayors and Black Communities

Abstract

Do Black communities economically benefit from the election of a Black mayor? Majority-Black ZIP codes experience gains in all areas of economic activity relative to non-Black communities following the first election of a Black mayor. The number of establishments in majority-Black ZIP codes increases across industries, including those that rely on foot traffic. Before breakthrough elections, Black residents are less likely than white residents to identify as self-employed across, but this difference is reduced after an election; however, the cities in which the pre-breakthrough self-employment difference is larger experience no changes to the B–W self-employment gap post-election, suggesting institutional and historical factors may limit Black economic progress in places of higher disparity.

Keywords: J1, H7, J7, R5