University College London - Institute of Health Informatics, University of Liverpool, University of Liverpool, Swansea University - Population Data Science, Government of the United Kingdom - Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, University College London - University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University College London, University College London - Institute of Health Informatics, University of Edinburgh, University of Strathclyde, University of Strathclyde - Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, King’s College London - ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, Keele University - Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, University of Leicester - Leicester Diabetes Centre, Swansea University - Population Data Science, University of Edinburgh - Edinburgh Medical School, University of Liverpool, The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, affiliation not provided to SSRN, Health Data Research UK, University of Liverpool - Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics and Independent

University of Liverpool, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of Liverpool, University of Liverpool, affiliation not provided to SSRN, The University of Manchester - Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC) and The University of Manchester - Division of Psychology and Mental Health