University College London - Institute of Health Informatics, University of Liverpool, University of Liverpool, Swansea University - Population Data Science, Government of the United Kingdom - Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, University College London - University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University College London, University College London - Institute of Health Informatics, University of Edinburgh, University of Strathclyde, University of Strathclyde - Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, King’s College London - ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, Keele University - Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, University of Leicester - Leicester Diabetes Centre, Swansea University - Population Data Science, University of Edinburgh - Edinburgh Medical School, University of Liverpool, The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, affiliation not provided to SSRN, Health Data Research UK, University of Liverpool - Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics and Independent

University of Edinburgh - Usher Institute, University of Strathclyde, Government of the United Kingdom - Public Health Scotland, Government of the United Kingdom - Public Health Scotland, University of Strathclyde - Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Strathclyde - Department of Mathematics & Statistics, University of Strathclyde, University of Edinburgh - Usher Institute, University of Aberdeen, Independent and University of Edinburgh - Usher Institute