Diabetes Epidemiology and Clinical Research Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC) - Fuwai Hospital, Government of the United States of America - Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC) - Fuwai Hospital, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC) - Fuwai Hospital, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC) - Fuwai Hospital, King’s College London, King’s College London, University of Tübingen - Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, University of Tübingen - Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Imperial College London - School of Public Health, RWTH Aachen University - RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Fuwai Hospital, Endocrinology and Cardiovascular Disease Center and University of Tübingen - Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases

University of Leicester, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) - Leicester Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) - Leicester Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University of Leicester, University of Leicester - Leicester Diabetes Centre, University of Leicester - NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, University of Leicester, University of Leicester, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) - Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Imperial College London - School of Public Health, University of Leicester - Leicester Diabetes Centre, University of Leicester - Leicester Diabetes Centre and University of Leicester

Imperial College London, North West London Collaboration of Clinical Commissioning Groups, Imperial College London, Imperial College London - School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Imperial College London, North West London Collaboration of Clinical Commissioning Groups, North West London Collaboration of Clinical Commissioning Groups and Imperial College London - School of Public Health

Baqai Medical University, University of Karachi - Department of Biochemistry, Government of the United Kingdom - Barts Health NHS Trust, Baqai Medical University - Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Imperial College London - School of Public Health and Baqai Medical University - Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology