Xuefu Avenue
Chongqing
China
Chongqing Jiaotong University
Tunnel fire, Arched ceiling, Critical velocity, Offset fire source position, Back-layering length
CFD, Shaft, Tunnel fire, Plug-holing, Natural ventilation, Ambient pressure.
Tunnel fire, Lateral centralized smoke exhaust mode, Transfer mechanism, Heat exhaust efficiency, Smoke exhaust efficiency, Exhaust volume
tunnel fire, smoke mass flow rate, Numerical simulation, one-dimensional spreading stage, multiple fires
Urban utility tunnel, Closed end, Tunnel thermal hazard, Temperature distribution, Fire plume