Tzaneio General Hospital of Piraeus - 2 nd Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School - 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, - 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Thriasio General Hospital of Eleusis, Tzaneio General Hospital of Piraeus - 2 nd Department of Internal Medicine, Andreas Syggros Hospital - HIV Infection Unit, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University of Ioannina, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hellenic Institute for the Study of Sepsis, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School - 1 st Department of Chest Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases - INMI, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS - Section of Infectious Diseases, Hellenic Institute for the Study of Sepsis, Negrar di Valpolicella - IRCCS Sacro Cuore - Don Calabria hospital, University of Genoa - Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele - IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, University of Barcelona - Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hellenic Institute for the Study of Sepsis, G. Gennimatas General Hospital of Athens, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Academy of Athens - Biomedical Research Foundation, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hellenic Institute for the Study of Sepsis, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University of Athens, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Academy of Athens - Biomedical Research Foundation, Democritus University of Thrace - Department of Internal Medicine, - Laiko General Hospital, Radboud University Nijmegen, Radboud University Nijmegen - Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen - Department of Internal Medicine, Thriasio General Hospital of Eleusis, Hospital of Jesolo, General Hospital of Argolida, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Milan, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Thriasio General Hospital of Eleusis, University of Ioannina - 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen - Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI) and - 4th Department of Internal Medicine

Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro - Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, The Italian Medicines Agency (AIFA), University of Milano-Bicocca - Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Udine University Hospital - Department of Medicine (DAME), Infectious Diseases Clinic, The Italian Medicines Agency (AIFA), San Donato Hospital - Department of Specialised and Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases Unit, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases - INMI, University of Verona - Infectious Diseases, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Catania School of Medicine - Department of Internal and Experimental Medicine, D. Cotugno Hospital - Division Emerging Infectious Disease and High Contagiousness, San Giuseppe Moscati Hospital - Infectious Diseases Unit, Pescara General Hospital - Department of Medicine, Infectious Disease Unit, University of Genoa - Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), Infermi Hospital, AUSL Romagna - Unit of Infectious Disease, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria - Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Central Hospital of Bolzano - Department of Infectious Disease, A.O.R. San Carlo - Infectious Diseases Unit, Santa Chiara Hospital - Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medical, The Italian Medicines Agency (AIFA), Sapienza University of Rome - Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome - Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Torino - Unit of Infectious Diseases, Italian Medicines Agency and The Italian Medicines Agency (AIFA)

Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases - INMI, University College London - Centre for Clinical Research, Epidemiology, Modelling and Evaluation (CREME), Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Laboratory of Virology, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Clinical Pharmacology, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases - INMI, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases - INMI, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Clinical Division of Infectious Diseases, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Laboratory of Virology, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Clinical Pharmacology, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases - INMI, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases - INMI, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Clinical Pharmacology, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Clinical Department, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Clinical Department, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases - INMI, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Clinical Pharmacology, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases - INMI, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Laboratory of Virology, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases - INMI, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Health Direction, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases - INMI, affiliation not provided to SSRN, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases - INMI, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases - INMI, Sapienza University of Rome, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart of Milan - Catholic University of the Sacred Heart of Piacenza, Sapienza University of Rome - Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, affiliation not provided to SSRN, Government of the Italian Republic (Italy) - General Directorate for Health Prevention, Government of the Italian Republic (Italy) - General Directorate for Health Prevention, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Laboratory of Microbiology, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Laboratory of Cellular Immunology and Clinical Pharmacology, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases - INMI, Ministry of Health, Oman, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Laboratory of Virology, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Clinical Department and Independent

Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases - INMI, University College London - Centre for Clinical Research, Epidemiology, Modelling and Evaluation (CREME), Sapienza University of Rome, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Clinical Division of Infectious Diseases, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases - INMI, Sapienza University of Rome, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases - INMI, Catholic University of Milan, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Clinical Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Sapienza University of Rome, Sapienza University of Rome, University of Udine, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases - INMI, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Sapienza University of Rome, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases - INMI, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases - INMI, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani" IRCCS, Sapienza University of Rome, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases - INMI, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases - INMI, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Translational Research Unit, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases - INMI, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases - INMI, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases - INMI, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Sapienza University of Rome - Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome Tor Vergata - Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro - Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases - INMI, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Laboratory of Virology, Sapienza University of Rome, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Clinical Department and Independent

Heidelberg University, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg University, University of Chile, University of Chile, University of Chile, University of Chile, Universidad Mayor de San Simon, Fundación Ciencia y Estudios Aplicados para el Desarrollo en Salud y Medio Ambiente (CEADES), Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases - INMI, Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Negrar di Valpolicella - IRCCS Sacro Cuore - Don Calabria hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, University of Oslo, Cancer Registry of Norway, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Universidad de Tarapaca and Heidelberg University

University of Patras - Department of Internal Medicine, - 4th Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University of Ioannina, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, G. Gennimatas General Hospital of Athens, Elpis General Hospital - Department of Internal Medicine, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases - INMI, Sotiria General Hospital of Chest Diseases of Athens - 2nd Department of Pulmonary Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, General Hospital of Larissa, affiliation not provided to SSRN, Sotiria General Hospital of Chest Diseases of Athens - 10th Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Thriasio General Hospital of Eleusis - 2 nd Department of Internal Medicine, University of Brescia, Hospital of Jesolo, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases - INMI, Korgialeneion-Benakeion General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School - Department of Therapeutics, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele - IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Sotiria General Hospital of Chest Diseases of Athens, Papageorgiou General Hospital of Thessaloniki - 1 st Department of Internal Medicine, affiliation not provided to SSRN, affiliation not provided to SSRN, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Negrar di Valpolicella - IRCCS Sacro Cuore - Don Calabria hospital, Sotiria General Hospital of Chest Diseases of Athens - 10th Department of Pulmonary Medicine, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, affiliation not provided to SSRN, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Government of the United States of America - Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Korgialeneion-Benakeion General Hospital, General Hospital of Kerkyra - Department of Pulmonary Medicine,, Sotiria General Hospital of Chest Diseases of Athens, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, - 4th Department of Internal Medicine, affiliation not provided to SSRN, General University Hospital of Larissa, affiliation not provided to SSRN, Radboud University Nijmegen - Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Democritus University of Thrace - Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University of Ioannina - 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Larissa University General Hospital - Department of Internal Medicine and - 4th Department of Internal Medicine

Lazio Regional Health Service - Depatment of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service - Depatment of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service - Depatment of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service - Depatment of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service - Depatment of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service - Depatment of Epidemiology, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases - INMI, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Clinical Division of Infectious Diseases, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases - INMI, Lazio Regional Health Service - Depatment of Epidemiology and Lazio Regional Health Service - Depatment of Epidemiology

Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases - INMI, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases - INMI, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases - INMI, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases - INMI, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases - INMI, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases - INMI, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS - Section of Infectious Diseases, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases - INMI, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases - INMI, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases - INMI, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS - Section of Infectious Diseases, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases - INMI, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases - INMI, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases - INMI, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases - INMI, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases - INMI, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases - INMI, University of Rome Tor Vergata - Department of Systems Medicine, affiliation not provided to SSRN, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases - INMI, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases - INMI, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases - INMI, Sapienza University of Rome, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases - INMI, University of Rome Tor Vergata - Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata - Department of Systems Medicine, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases - INMI, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases - INMI, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases - INMI, University of Milan - Clinic of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases - INMI, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases - INMI, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Clinical Department and Independent

Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases - INMI, University College London - Centre for Clinical Research, Epidemiology, Modelling and Evaluation (CREME), Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Laboratory of Virology, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Laboratory of Virology, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases - INMI, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases - INMI, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases - INMI, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Laboratory of Virology, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Laboratory of Virology, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Laboratory of Virology, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases - INMI, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases - INMI, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases - INMI, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases - INMI, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases - INMI, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases - INMI, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases - INMI, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases - INMI, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases - INMI, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Laboratory of Virology, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Laboratory of Virology, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases - INMI and Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) - Clinical Department